ABSTRACT
Ranae Oviductus has a good tonic effect and is commonly used for both medicine and food. The use of Ranae Oviductus was confused because the origin of Ranae Oviductus was roughly recorded in ancient herbal literatures. In order to clarify the confusing literatures and trace the origin of Ranae Oviductus，this paper conducted a textual research on the name，origin，distribution，harvesting and processing，efficacy of the Chinese medicine by consulting ancient herbal books，modern literatures and monographs of traditional Chinese medicine. The results of the textual research showed that Ranae Oviductus belongs to Manchu medicine，which was first applied by the Manchu people because of its tonic effect. The original animal of Ranae Oviductus has many names，which are all translated from Manchu language. By analyzing the descriptions of Ranidae in various herbal books，it is concluded that the earliest description of the original animals of Ranae Oviductus appeared in the Shengjing Tongzhi compiled by Agui in the Qing dynasty. After summarization of the taxonomic changes of some species of Rana，the original animals of Ranae Oviductus were preliminarily determined as Rana dybowskii，R. amurensis and R. huanrenensis. We excluded R. huanrenensis by its size and R. amurensis by its poor quality. Therefore，the original animal of Ranae Oviductus is R. dybowskii，the main production area is northeast China and the best capture time is in October. Ranae Oviductus is often eaten after being stewed. The study can provide the effective basis for the identification of the original animal of Ranae Oviductus，the distribution of production area and the utilization of resources.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To investigate the effect of Trichosanthis Pericarpium aqueous extract(TPAE)in protecting H9c2 cells from hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) injury by activating phosphatidylionsitol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/nitric oxide(PI3K/Akt/NO) signaling pathway. Method: The 2.5 mmol·L-1 Na2S2O4 was used to induce the model of H9c2 cardiomyocytes H/R injury in the experiments. The cultured H9c2 cardiomyocytes were randomly divided into normal group, H/R group (model group) and inhibition group (LY294002, 10 μmol·L-1). In the H/R + TPAE group, 50 mg·L-1 TPAE was added to the cultures at 24 h before H/R exposure. Cell viability was measured by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The amounts of NO, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits. Reverse transcription-quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR) was performed to analyze relative mRNA expressions of Akt, eNOS and iNOS. Western blot was used to detect the expressions of Akt, p-Akt (Ser 473), eNOS, and iNOS. Result: Compared with the normal control group,the cell viability significantly decreased in the model control group (PPPPPPPPConclusion: TPAE can protect H9c2 cardiomyocytes from H/R injury by activating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,which might be related to the up-regulation of the mRNA and protein expressions of eNOS, the down-regulation of the level of iNOS, and the increase of the production of physiological amounts of NO.
ABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>The present study is concerning qualitative and quantitative detection of Poria cocos quality based on FT-near infrared (FT-NIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The Poria cocos polysaccharides contents were determined by UV. Transmission mode was used in the collection of NIR spectral samples. The pretreatment method was first derivation and vector normalization. Then principal component analysis (PCA) was used to build classification model and partial least square (PLS) to build the calibration model.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>The results showed that conventional criteria such as the R, root mean square error of calibration (RMSEC), and the root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) are 0.944 0, 0.072 1 and 0.076 2, respectively. The misclassified sample is 0 using the qualitative model built by PCA.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The prediction models based on NIR have a better performance with high precision, good stability and adaptability and can be used to predict the polysaccharose content of Poria cocos rapidly, which can provide a fast approach to discriminate the different parts of Poria cocos.</p>
Subject(s)
Fungal Polysaccharides , Least-Squares Analysis , Poria , Chemistry , Principal Component Analysis , Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared , MethodsABSTRACT
The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic profiles of baicalin, wogonoside, baicalein and wogonin after oral administration of pure baicalin, Radix scutellariae and Scutellariae-Paeoniae couple extracts were administered and the pharmacokinetics profiles were compared between normal and ulcerative colitis rats. The plasma concentrations of the four flavonoids were determined by using a simple and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography method. All the rats were divided randomly into two groups [ulcerative colitis and normal groups]. Each group contained three subgroups: pure baicalin, Radix scutellariae and Scutellariae-paeoniae couple extracts subgroup. Each group received oral administration of pure baicalin, Radix scutellariae and Scutellariae-paeoniae couple extracts at the same dose of 200 mg/kg baicalin. The results showed that wogonoside, possibily as a methylated product of baicalin, was found in plasma after oral administration of pure baicalin or formulas to rats. Baicalin and wogonoside demonstrated bimodal phenomenon. Baicalin and wogonoside in Scutellariae-Paeoniae couple extract had shown better absorption than which inpure baicalin and Radix scutellariae extract. Whether oral administration of pure baicalin, Radix Scutellariae or Scutellariae-paeoniae couple extracts, ulcerative colitis rats showed better absorption than normal rats. For example AUC[0-t] of baicalin were: [41.46 +/- 0.62], [59.12 +/- 6.42] and [104.87 +/- 0.86] [micro g/mL] h in UC groups vs [17.77 +/- 0.66], [28.04 +/- 4.06] and [49.01 +/- 4.61] [micro g/mL] h in normal groups, respectively. The pharmacokinetics properties of the four flavonoids differed between ulcerative colitis and normal rats, including AUC[0-t] and C[max] [p < 0.05]